Journal of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Liver functionJournal of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Liver functionJournal of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Liver functionJournal of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Liver function2471-0601Ommega Online PublishersNew Jersey, USA124210.15436/2471-0601.16.1242Research ArticleSerological Testing in Management of Dyspeptic Patients and in Screening of Gastric Cancer RisksSerological Testing in Management of Dyspeptic Patients and in Screening of Gastric Cancer Risks SyrjänenKari 1Department of Clinical Research Biohit Oyj Helsinki Finland 2Molecular Oncology Research Center Barretos Cancer Hospital Barretos SP Brazil Editor* E-mail: Kari.Syrjanen@biohit.fi
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
20162112201623JGDLF-16-RW-124224112016141220162016Creative Commons Attribution LicenseThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. nbsp emsp emsp The two major risk factors of gastric cancer GC are Helicobacter pylori HP infection and Atrophic gastritis AG It is currently possible to diagnose HP gastritis and AG reliably by using serological testing with a marker panel GastroPanel Biohit Oyj Finland of pepsinogen-I PGI pepsinogen-II PGII gastrin-17 G-17 and HP-antibodies In this short review the authors make an introduction to the GastroPanel test as the first non-invasive diagnostic tool of stomach health and disease The major areas of the test application i e 1 In the first-line diagnosis of dyspeptic symptoms and 2 In screening of the GC risks HP and AG are presented emsp emsp A short reference is made to the most recent studies validating the use of GastroPanel in different settings including a summary of a timely meta-analysis summarizing the whole GastroPanel literature emsp emsp Pepsinogen levels and their ratio is decreased in corpus atrophy accompanied by elevated G-17 G-17 level also gives indication of gastric acid secretion being low with high acid output and high when stomach is acid-free due to PPI treatment or AG In antrum atrophy G-17 is low and does not respond to protein stimulation lack of G-cells The two main indications of GastroPanel test are 1 First-line diagnostic test for dyspeptic complaints and2 Screening of asymptomatic subjects for risks of GC HP and AG emsp emsp GastroPanel is a test for stomach health with excellent longitudinal negative predictive value On the other hand abnormal test results implicating AG do predict a significantly increased long-term risk for GC The first meta-analysis of GastroPanel literature corroborates the statement of an international expert panel advocating the use of GastroPanel in diagnosis and screening of AG Noteworthy the risk of autoimmune AG is markedly increased in patients suffering from other autoimmune diseases including type-I diabetes autoimmune thyroiditis rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory bowel disease IBD celiac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus Altogether 95 million people are estimated to suffer from these diseases in Europe alone 10